Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala says,
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ [Sura Yusuf (12):2] “Indeed, We have sent it down as an Arabic Quran so that you may understand”.
So, recitation of Al Qur’an in Arabic is fundamental of understanding Al Qur’an. Now, reading Al Qur’an in Arabic is a pre-requisite to become an ‘Alim. Because Al Qur’an is written in Arabic. If you know how to recite Al Qur’an correctly, all other sources (Arabic language, Nahu, Sarf, Hadith, Fiqh, Tafseer) of knowledge will be easy as those books are written in Arabic.
If you read transliteration of Qur’an, your recitation will not be sahi (correct). Without learning Arabic your knowledge of deen will not be complete, and your understanding will not be clear. And Allah Subhanahu Ta’ala knows the best.